Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Dec. 31, 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and Cash Equivalents |
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances. The Company considers all highly liquid investments, which include short-term bank deposits (up to 3 months from date of deposit) that are not restricted as to withdrawal date or use, to be cash equivalents. Bank overdrafts are shown as part of trade and other payables in the consolidated balance sheet. |
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| Fair Value of Financial Instruments |
The Companys financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, receivables and trade and other payables. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, receivables and trade and other payables approximate their fair value because of their short maturities. The Company believes the carrying amount of its note receivable approximates its fair value based on rates and other terms. The fair value of marketable securities is described in Note 3(c). |
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| Fair Value Measurement - Marketable Securities |
The framework for measuring fair value provides a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level 3). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under FASB ASC 820 are described as follows:
If the asset or liability has a specified (contractual) term, the level 2 input must be observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
The asset or liabilitys fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Valuation techniques maximize the use of relevant observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. |
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| Trade Receivables, Trade Receivables - Related Party and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts |
The carrying amounts of current trade receivables is stated at cost, net of allowance for doubtful accounts and approximate their fair value given their short term nature.
The normal credit terms extended to customers ranges between 30 and 90 days. The Company reviews all receivables that exceed terms and establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based on managements assessment of the collectability of trade and other receivables. A considerable amount of judgment is required in assessing the amount of allowance. The Company considers the historical level of credit losses, makes judgments about the credit worthiness of each customer based on ongoing credit evaluations and monitors current economic trends that might impact the level of credit losses in the future.
As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, allowances for doubtful accounts for trade receivables related party were $864,000 and $-. Bad debt expenses for trade receivables were $864,000 and $- for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. |
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| Concentration of Credit Risk |
The Company is exposed to credit risk in the normal course of business primarily related to trade receivables and cash and cash equivalents.
All of the Companys cash is maintained with Fulton Bank of New Jersey, Bank of America, NA and PayPal. The funds are insured by the FDIC up to a maximum of $250,000, but are otherwise unprotected. The Company placed $369,525 and $399,417 with Fulton Bank of New Jersey, $28,494 and $52,384 with Bank of America, NA and $4,040 and $4,040 with PayPal as of December 31, 2015 and 2014. No losses have been incurred in these accounts.
Concentration of credit risk with respect to trade receivables exists as approximately 72% of the Companys revenue is generated by two customers. These customers accounted for 28% of trade receivables as of December 31, 2015. In order to limit such risks, the Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers financial condition. |
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| Inventories |
Inventories are measured at the lower of cost or market. The cost of inventories is based on the weighted-average principle, and includes expenditures incurred in acquiring the inventories, production or conversion costs and other costs incurred in bringing them to their existing location and condition. In the case of manufactured inventories and work in progress, costs include an appropriate share of production overheads based on normal operating capacity. |
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| Property, Plant and Equipment |
Items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Costs include expenditures that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset.
Gains and losses on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment are determined by comparing the proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment and are recognized within other income in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.
Depreciation is recognized in profit and loss on the accelerated basis over the estimated useful lives of the property, plant and equipment. Leased assets are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term or their useful lives.
The estimated useful lives for the current and comparative periods are as follows:
Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date. |
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| Intangible Assets |
The Company has developed or acquired several diagnostic tests that can detect the presence of various substances in a persons breath, blood, urine and saliva. Propriety protection for the Companys products, technology and process is important to its competitive position. To date, the Company has nine patents from the United States Patent Office in effect (7,896,167, 8,097,171, 8,003,061, 8,425,859, 5,565,366, 5,827,749, D691,056, D691,057 and D691,058). Other patents are in effect in Australia through the Design Registry (348,310, 348,311 and 348,312), the Community Trade Mark in the European Union ((OHIM) 002216895-0001, 002216895-0002 and 002216895-0003) and in Japan (4,885,134 and 4,931,821). Patents are in the national phase of prosecution in many Patent Cooperation Treaty participating countries. Additional proprietary technology consists of numerous different inventions. The Company intends to file additional patent applications, where appropriate, relating to new products, technologies and their use in the U.S., European and Asian markets. Management intends to protect all other intellectual property (e.g. copyrights, trademarks and trade secrets) using all legal remedies available to the Company.
Costs associated with applying for patents are capitalized as patent costs. Once the patents are approved, the respective costs are amortized over their estimated useful lives (maximum of 17 years) on a straight-line basis. Patent pending costs for patents that are not approved are charged to operations the year the patent is rejected.
In addition, patents may be purchased from third parties. The costs of acquiring the patent are capitalized as patent costs if it represents a future economic benefit to the Company. Once a patent is acquired it is amortized over its remaining useful life.
Other intangible assets that are acquired by the Company, which have definite useful lives, are measured at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses.
Amortization is recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of intangible assets, other than goodwill, from the date that they are available for use. The estimated useful lives for the current and comparative periods are as follows:
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| Recoverability of Long-lived Assets |
In accordance with FASB ASC 360-10-35 Impairment or Disposal of Long-lived Assets, long-lived assets to be held and used are analyzed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable or that the useful lives of those assets are no longer appropriate. The Company evaluates at each balance sheet date whether events and circumstances have occurred that indicate possible impairment.
The Company determines the existence of such impairment by measuring the expected future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) and comparing such amount to the carrying amount of the assets. An impairment loss, if one exists, is then measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the discounted estimated future cash flows. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value of such assets less costs to sell. Asset impairment charges are recorded to reduce the carrying amount of the long-lived asset that will be sold or disposed of to their estimated fair values. Charges for the asset impairment reduce the carrying amount of the long-lived assets to their estimated salvage value in connection with the decision to dispose of such assets. |
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| Investments |
In accordance with FASB ASC 323, the Company recognizes investments in joint ventures based upon the Companys ability to significantly influence the operational or financial policies of the joint venture. An objective judgment of the level of influence is made at the time of the investment based upon several factors including, but not limited to the following:
The Company follows the equity method for valuating investments in joint ventures when the existence of significant influence over operational and financial policy has been established, as determined by management; otherwise, the Company will valuate these investments using the cost method.
Investments recorded using the cost method will be assessed for any decrease in value that has occurred that is other than temporary and the other than temporary decrease in value shall be recognized. As and when circumstances and facts change, the Company will evaluate the Companys ability to significantly influence operational and financial policy to establish a basis for converting the investment accounted for using the cost method to the equity method of valuation.
On March 9, 2015, the Company contributed capital of $64,675 in Hainan Savy Akers Biosciences, Ltd., a company incorporated in the Peoples Republic of China, resulting in a 19.9% ownership interest. The contribution was adjusted downward to $64,091 on April 8, 2015; the net effect of the currency conversion when the contribution was processed in Hainan. This is included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015 and is accounted for using the cost method. |
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| Revenue Recognition |
In accordance with FASB ASC 605, the Company recognizes revenue when (i) persuasive evidence of a customer or distributor arrangement exists, (ii) a retailer, distributor or wholesaler receives the goods and acceptance occurs, (iii) the price is fixed or determinable, and (iv) the collectability of the revenue is reasonably assured. Subject to these criteria, the Company recognizes revenue from product sales when title passes to the customer based on shipping terms. The Company typically does not accept returns nor offer charge backs or rebates except for certain distributors. Revenue recorded is net of any discount, rebate or sales return. The accrual for estimated sales returns $- as of December 31, 2015 and 2014.
The Company instituted a significant price increase for certain PIFA products effective May 1, 2015. In an effort to phase in the increase for existing customers, the Company is providing a rebate to its distributors for the price increase through December 31, 2015 for their existing customer base as of April 30, 2015. The Company has established an accrual of $181,293, which is a reduction of revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2015. Accounts receivable will be reduced when the rebates are applied by the customer.
License fee revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the license agreement.
When the Company enters into arrangements that contain more than one deliverable, the Company allocates revenue to the separate elements under the arrangement based on their relative selling prices in accordance with FASB ASC 605-25. |
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| Income Taxes |
The Company follows FASB ASC 740 when accounting for income taxes, which requires an asset and liability approach to financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed annually for temporary differences between the financial statements and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Income tax expense or benefit is the tax payable or refundable for the period plus or minus the change during the period in deferred tax assets and liabilities. |
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| Shipping and Handling Fees and Costs |
The Company charges actual shipping plus a handling fee to customers, which amounted to $56,537 and $35,454 for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. These fees are classified as part of product revenue in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Shipping and other related delivery costs, including those for incoming raw materials are classified as part of the cost of net revenue, which amounted to $115,423 and $71,416 for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. |
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| Research and Development Costs |
In accordance with FASB ASC 730, research and development costs are expensed when incurred. |
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| Stock-based Payments |
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation under the provisions of FASB ASC 718, CompensationStock Compensation, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all stock-based awards made to employees and directors based on estimated fair values on the grant date. The Company estimates the fair value of stock-based awards on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over shorter of the period over which services are to be received or the vesting period.
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation awards to non-employees in accordance with FASB ASC 505-50, Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees. Under FASB ASC 505-50, the Company determines the fair value of the stock warrants or stock-based compensation awards granted as either the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. The Company estimates the fair value of stock-based awards to non-employees on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the period which services are to be received. At the end of each financial reporting period, prior to vesting or prior to completion of services, the fair value of equity based payments will be re-measured and the non-cash expense recognized during the period will be adjusted accordingly. Since the fair value of equity based payments granted to non-employees is subject to change in the future, the amount of the future expense will include fair value re-measurement until the equity based payments are fully vested or the service is completed. |
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| Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share of Common Stock |
Basic earnings per common share are based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the periods presented. Diluted earnings per share are computed using the weighted average number of common shares plus dilutive common share equivalents outstanding during the period. Potential common shares that would have the effect of increasing diluted earnings per share are considered anti-dilutive, i.e. the exercise prices of the outstanding stock options were greater than the market price of the common stock. |
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| Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements |
As of December 31, 2015 and for the year then ended, there were no recently adopted accounting pronouncements that had a material effect on the Companys financial statements. |
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| Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements not Yet Adopted |
As the Company is an emerging growth company, it has elected to adopt recently issued standards based on effective dates applicable to nonpublic entities. All effective dates as mentioned in the following paragraphs refer to that applicable to nonpublic entities.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.
In August 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-14 which deferred the effective date of Update 2014-09 to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company is evaluating the effect of the adoption of this standard.
In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40), Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entitys Ability to Continue as a Going Concern. The amendments in this Update provide guidance about managements responsibility to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the entitys ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued and to provide related footnote disclosures. Substantial doubt about an entitys ability to continue as a going concern exists when relevant conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, indicate that it is probable that the entity will be unable to meet its obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. The amendments in this Update are effective for the annual period ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter. Early application is permitted. The Company is evaluating the effect of the adoption of this standard.
In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330), Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory. The amendments in this Update require an entity to measure inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. Subsequent measurement is unchanged for inventory measured using LIFO or the retail inventory method. The amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company does not anticipate the adoption of this standard to have any material effect on the financial statements.
In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. The amendments in this Update require that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as noncurrent in a classified statement of financial position. The amendments in this Update are effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual periods. Earlier application is permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. As of December 31, 2015, the Company adopted this standard which has no material effect on the financial statements. |