Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company are prepared in U.S. Dollars and in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (US GAAP).

Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with US GAAP have been condensed. As such, the information included in these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 included in the Company’s 2017 Form 10-K/
A, Amendment No. 1, as filed on July 13, 2018. In the opinion of the management, these condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring nature, necessary for a fair statement of the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2018 and its results of operations and cash flows for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full fiscal year ending December 31, 2018.

The Company is an emerging growth company as the term is used in The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act enacted on April 5, 2012 and has elected to comply with certain reduced public company reporting requirements.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected. Information about significant areas of estimation, uncertainty and critical judgments in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the financial statements is included in the following notes for revenue recognition, allowances for doubtful accounts, inventory write-downs, impairment of intangible assets and valuation of share-based payments.

These condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. Dollars, which is the Company’s functional currency. All financial information presented in U.S. Dollars has been rounded to the nearest dollar. Foreign Currency Transaction Gains or Losses, resulting from loans and cash balances denominated in Foreign Currencies, are recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

The Company follows Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (FASB ASC) 220 in reporting comprehensive income (loss). Comprehensive income is a more inclusive financial reporting methodology that includes disclosure of certain financial information that historically has not been recognized in the calculation of net income.

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances. The Company considers all highly liquid investments, which include short-term bank deposits (up to 3 months from date of deposit) that are not restricted as to withdrawal date or use, to be cash equivalents. Bank overdrafts are shown as part of trade and other payables in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

At June 30, 2018, restricted cash included in non-current assets on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet was $500,000 representing cash in trust for the purpose of funding legal fees for certain threatened litigation.

The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, receivables and trade and other payables. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, receivables and trade and other payables approximate their fair value because of their short maturities.

The framework for measuring fair value provides a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level 3). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under FASB ASC 820 are described as follows:

The asset or liability’s fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Valuation techniques maximize the use of relevant observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.

Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for assets measured at fair value as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

U.S. Agency Securities and Corporate and Municipal Securities: Valued using pricing models maximizing the use of observable inputs for similar securities. This includes basing value on yields currently available on comparable securities of issuers with similar credit ratings.

Marketable securities include U.S. agency securities, corporate securities, and municipal securities, which are classified as available for sale. The securities are valued at fair market value. Maturities of the securities are less than one year. Unrealized gains and losses relating to the available for sale investment securities were recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity as comprehensive income. These amounts were a decrease of $4,401 and an increase of $12,443 in unrealized losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018. These amounts were an increase of $852 and $1,009 in unrealized gains for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017.

Proceeds from the sale of marketable securities in the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 were $2,004,580 and $2,306,675. Proceeds from the sale of marketable securities in the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 were $650,336 and $1,745,554. Gross gains and losses, resulting from these sales, amounted to a loss of $4,401 and a gain of $605 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 and a loss of $4,401 and $1,656 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.

The carrying amounts of current trade receivables is stated at cost, net of allowance for doubtful accounts and approximate their fair value given their short-term nature.

The normal credit terms extended to customers ranges between 30 and 90 days. Credit terms longer than these may be extended after considering the credit worthiness of the customers and the business requirements. The Company reviews all receivables that exceed terms and establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based on management’s assessment of the collectability of trade and other receivables. A considerable amount of judgment is required in assessing the amount of allowance. The Company considers the historical level of credit losses, makes judgments about the credit worthiness of each customer based on ongoing credit evaluations and monitors current economic trends that might impact the level of credit losses in the future.

As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, allowances for doubtful accounts for trade receivables were $693,196 and $596,196. Bad debt expenses for trade receivables were $125,500 and $5,380 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $125,500 and $47,741 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash on deposit with financial institutions and accounts receivable. At times, the Company’s cash in banks is in excess of the FDIC insurance limit. The Company has not experienced any loss as a result of these cash deposits. These cash balances are maintained with four banks.

Major Customers

For the three months ended June 30, 2018, three customers generated 33%, 27% and 12%, or 72% in the aggregate, of the Company’s revenue. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, two customers generated 49% and 17%, or 66% in the aggregate, of the Company’s revenue. As of June 30, 2018, the amount due from these customers was $291,220. This concentration makes the Company vulnerable to a near-term severe impact should these relationships be terminated.

For the three months ended June 30, 2017, two customers generated 47% and 27%, or 74% in the aggregate, of the Company’s revenue. For the six months ended June 30, 2017, three customers generated 31%, 29% and 13%, or 73% in the aggregate, of the Company’s revenue.

Three customers accounted for 41%, 13%, and 13% or 67%, in the aggregate, of gross trade receivables, before accounting for allowance for doubtful accounts, as of June 30, 2018. To limit such risks, the Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition. As of June 30, 2018, the Company had $457,881, $146,195 and $142,293 in trade receivables, respectively, from these customers.

Major Suppliers

For the three months ended June 30, 2018, two suppliers accounted for 13% and 11%, or 24% in the aggregate, of the Company’s purchases. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, no supplier accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s purchases.

For the three months ended June 30, 2017, two suppliers accounted for 15% and 13%, or 28% in the aggregate, of the Company’s purchases. For the six months ended June 30, 2017, one supplier accounted for 14% of the Company’s purchases.

Two vendors accounted for 29% and 12%, or 41%, in the aggregate, of trade payables as of June 30, 2018. As of June 30, 2018, the Company had $298,634 and $121,327 in trade payables, respectively, from these vendors.

Items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Costs include expenditures that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset.

Gains and losses on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment are determined by comparing the proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment and are recognized within “other income” in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

Depreciation is recognized in profit and loss on the accelerated basis over the estimated useful lives of the property, plant and equipment. Leased assets are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term or their useful lives.

Depreciation expense totaled $13,675 and $17,885 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $27,350 and $35,827 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The Company’s long-lived intangible assets, other than goodwill, are assessed for impairment when events or circumstances indicate there may be an impairment. These assets were initially recorded at their estimated fair value at the time of acquisition and assets not acquired in acquisitions were recorded at historical cost. However, if their estimated fair value is less than the carrying amount, other intangible assets with indefinite life are reduced to their estimated fair value through an impairment charge to our condensed consolidated statements of income.

Intangible assets as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were $1,045,113 and $1,130,667, respectively. Intangible assets at June 30, 2018 consisted of patents, trademarks and customer lists of $3,897,635 net of accumulated amortization and impairment of $2,852,522.

Amortization is recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of intangible assets, other than goodwill, from the date that they are available for use. Amortization expense was $42,777 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 and $85,553 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.

The following is an annual schedule of approximate future amortization of the Company’s intangible assets:

In accordance with FASB ASC 605, the Company recognizes revenue when (i) persuasive evidence of a customer or distributor arrangement exists, (ii) a retailer, distributor or wholesaler receives the goods and acceptance occurs, (iii) the price is fixed or determinable, and (iv) the collectability of the revenue is reasonably assured. Subject to these criteria, the Company recognizes revenue from product sales when title passes to the customer based on shipping terms. The Company typically does not accept returns nor offer charge backs or rebates except for certain distributors. Revenue recorded is net of any discount, rebate or sales return. The accrual for estimated sales returns was $- as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. In cases where the right of return is granted, and the Company does not have historical experience to reasonably estimate the sales returns, the revenue is recognized when the return privilege has substantially expired.

The Company may provide for rebates to the distributors under limited circumstances. The Company established an accrual of $54,228 and $126,471 as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Accounts receivable will be reduced when the rebates are applied by the customer. The Company recognized $6,350 and $67,855 during the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, for rebates and $43,894 and $170,678 during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, which is included as a reduction of product revenue in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

License fee revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the license agreement.

When the Company enters into arrangements that contain more than one deliverable, the Company allocates revenue to the separate elements under the arrangement based on their relative selling prices in accordance with FASB ASC 605-25.

The Company utilizes an asset and liability approach for financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. The provision for income taxes is based upon income or loss after adjustment for those permanent items that are not considered in the determination of taxable income. Deferred income taxes represent the tax effects of differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities at the enacted tax rates in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse.

The Company evaluates the recoverability of deferred tax assets and establishes a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion or all the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Management makes judgments as to the interpretation of the tax laws that might be challenged upon an audit and cause changes to previous estimates of tax liability. In management’s opinion, adequate provisions for income taxes have been made. If actual taxable income by tax jurisdiction varies from estimates, additional allowances or reversals of reserves may be necessary.

Tax benefits are recognized only for tax positions that are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. The amount recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely to be realized upon settlement. A liability for “unrecognized tax benefits” is recorded for any tax benefits claimed in the Company’s tax returns that do not meet these recognition and measurement standards. As of June 30, 2018 and 2017, no liability for unrecognized tax benefits was required to be reported.

There was no income tax expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017. There is no income tax benefit for the losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 since management has determined that the realization of the net deferred assets is not assured and has created a valuation allowance for the entire amount of such tax benefits.

The Company’s policy for recording interest and penalties associated with tax audits is to record such items as a component of general and administrative expense. There were no amounts accrued for penalties and interest for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017. The Company does not expect its uncertain tax position to change during the next twelve months. Management is currently unaware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviations from its position.

The Company has identified its federal tax return and its state tax returns in New Jersey and California as its “major” tax jurisdictions, and such returns for the years 2014 through 2017 remain subject to examination.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) was enacted on December 22, 2017. The Tax Act reduced the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%. As December 31, 2017, the Company had made a reasonable estimate of the effects of the Tax Act. This estimate incorporates assumptions made based upon the Company’s current interpretation of the Tax Act and may change as the Company may receive additional clarification and implementation guidance and as the interpretation of the Tax Act evolves. In accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“SAB 118”), which allows us to record provisional amounts during a measurement period not to extend beyond one year form the enactment date. SAB 118 was codified by the FASB as part of ASU No. 2018-05, Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118. As of June 30, 2018, we have not made any additional measurement period adjustments. Such adjustments may be necessary in future periods due to, among other things, the significant complexity of the Act and anticipated additional regulatory guidance that may be issued by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), changes in analysis, interpretations and assumptions the Company has made and actions the Company may take as a result of the Act. We are continuing to gather information to assess the application of the Act and expect to finalize the accounting for the effects of the Tax Act no later than the fourth quarter of 2018. Future adjustments made to the provisional effects will be reported as a component of income tax expense in the reporting period in which any such adjustments are determined. Based on the new tax law that lowers corporate tax rates, on December 31, 2017, the Company revalued its deferred tax assets.

The Company charges actual shipping plus a handling fee to customers, which amounted to $18,739 and $12,016 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $32,380 and $30,436 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. These fees are classified as part of product revenue in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Shipping and other related delivery costs, including those for incoming raw materials consumed are classified as part of the cost of sales, which amounted to $37,993 and $31,393 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $64,937 and $47,569 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Basic earnings per common share are based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the periods presented. Diluted earnings per share are computed using the weighted average number of common shares plus dilutive common share equivalents outstanding during the period. Potential common shares that would have the effect of increasing diluted earnings per share are considered anti-dilutive, i.e. the exercise prices of the outstanding stock options were greater than the market price of the common stock.

The calculation of basic and diluted loss per share for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was based on the loss attributable to common shareholders of $2,067,453 and $818,008, respectively, and $3,927,444 and $2,167,279 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The basic and diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was 93,254,241 and 8,882,326, respectively, and 82,348,494 and 7,943,168 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Diluted net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of common and dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period.

The following securities are excluded from the calculation of weighted average dilutive common shares because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

As the Company is an emerging growth company, it has elected to adopt recently issued accounting pronouncements based on effective dates applicable to other than public business entities.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), Restricted Cash. The amendments in this Update require that a statement of cash flows explains the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The amendments in this Update do not provide a definition of restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. The amendments in this Update are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this as of January 1, 2018.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Adopted

In May 2014 and April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09 and ASU No. 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-14 which deferred the effective date of Update 2014-09 to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and for entities other than public business entities, and to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period for public business entities. Early application is permitted as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016 including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of the amendments, but it does not anticipate a material impact of its financial statements. The Company expects to use the modified retrospective adoption method and will adopt this Update as of January 1, 2019.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which expands the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. The guidance is effective for public business entities, certain not-for-profit entities, and certain employee benefit plans for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that fiscal year. For all other entities, ASU 2018-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than an entity’s adoption date of Topic 606. The Company is evaluating the impact of adopting this pronouncement.

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-09, Codification Improvements, to makes changes to a variety of topics to clarify, correct errors in, or make minor improvements to the Accounting Standards Codification. Certain items of the amendments in ASU 2018-09 will be effective for the Company in annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the effects the adoption of ASU 2018-09 will have on the consolidated financial statements.